They address either matters of general interest (“public bills”) or narrow interest (“private bills”), such as immigration cases and individual claims against the Federal government.īudget authority – Authority provided by law to enter into obligations that will result in outlays of Federal funds. 2, and so on depending on the order in which they are introduced. Baseline projections are used to gauge the extent to which proposed legislation, if enacted into law, would alter current spending and revenue levels.īill – The principal vehicle employed by lawmakers for introducing their proposals (enacting or repealing laws, for example) in the Senate. Authorizations acts sometimes provide permanent appropriations.īalanced budget – A budget in which receipts equal outlays.īaseline – Projection of the receipts, outlays, and other budget amounts that would ensue in the future without any change in existing policy. ![]() An authorization may be for a definite amount of money or for “such sums as may be necessary.” The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization and then appropriation.Īuthorizations act – A law that establishes or continues one or more Federal agencies or programs, establishes the terms and conditions under which they operate, authorizes the enactment of appropriations, and specifies how appropriated funds are to be used. An authorization may be effective for one year, a fixed number of years, or an indefinite period. Legislation status tables and information about the appropriations process are available on the Appropriations page.Īuthorization – A statutory provision that obligates funding for a program or agency. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization and then appropriation. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, the Senate must agree to it.Īmendment in the nature of a substitute – An amendment that would strike out the entire text of a bill or other measure and insert a different full text.Īppeal – When the chair rules on a point of order, any senator may appeal the ruling, in which case the full Senate makes a final decision on the point of order by voting whether to sustain or reverse the ruling.Īppropriation – The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. Such approval is obtained in a concurrent resolutions approved by both chambers.Īdjournment sine die – The end of a legislative session “without day.” These adjournments are used to indicate the final adjournment of an annual or the two-year session of a Congress.Īdjournment to a day and time certain – An adjournment of the Senate that fixes the day and time for its next session.Īdvice and consent – Under the Constitution, presidential nominations for executive and judicial posts take effect only when confirmed by the Senate, and international treaties become effective only when the Senate approves them by a two-thirds vote.Īmendment – A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. ![]() ![]() Technically, this term also refers to a bill that has been passed by one house and engrossed (prepared as an official copy).Īdjourn – A motion to adjourn in the Senate (or a committee) ends that day’s session.Īdjourn for more than 3 days – Under the Constitution, neither chamber may adjourn for more than three days without the approval of the other. Senate Glossary of Terms Used in the Legislative ProcessĪct – Legislation (a bill or joint resolution, see below) which has passed both chambers of Congress in identical form, been signed into law by the president, or passed over his veto, thus becoming law.
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